Showing posts with label FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES. Show all posts
Showing posts with label FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES. Show all posts

Thursday, 3 December 2015

Interbank Foreign Exchange Rates



                           Latest       Previous   %Chg    Daily    Daily   %Chg
Dollar Rates                               Close            High      Low  12/31

USD/JPY Japan           123.46-47      123.24-25  +0.18   123.56   123.23  +3.12
EUR/USD Euro            1.0561-64      1.0614-17  -0.50   1.0619   1.0553 -12.70
GBP/USD U.K.            1.4938-40      1.4950-52  -0.08   1.4955   1.4905  -4.11
USD/CHF Switzerland     1.0234-38      1.0183-87  +0.50   1.0248   1.0182  +2.95
USD/CAD Canada          1.3329-34      1.3341-46  -0.09   1.3357   1.3295 +14.71
AUD/USD Australia       0.7323-27      0.7307-11  +0.22   0.7328   0.7284 -10.35
NZD/USD New Zealand     0.6646-52      0.6636-42  +0.15   0.6664   0.6628 -14.70

Euro Rates

EUR/JPY Japan           130.38-42      130.81-85  -0.33   130.88   130.28 -10.03
EUR/GBP U.K.            0.7069-72     0.7099-102  -0.42   0.7107   0.7063  -8.95
EUR/CHF Switzerland     1.0811-14      1.0811-14   0.00   1.0833   1.0801 -10.12
EUR/CAD Canada          1.4076-86      1.4158-68  -0.58   1.4170   1.4047  +0.16
EUR/AUD Australia       1.4418-28      1.4520-30  -0.70   1.4562   1.4402  -2.59
EUR/DKK Denmark         7.4580-87      7.4592-99  -0.02   7.4604   7.4581  +0.15
EUR/NOK Norway          9.1542-92      9.1817-67  -0.30   9.1910   9.1397  +1.57
EUR/SEK Sweden         9.1873-973     9.2039-139  -0.18   9.2231   9.1854  -2.66
EUR/CZK Czech Rep.      27.002-62      27.000-60  +0.01   27.041   27.016  -2.28
EUR/HUF Hungary      309.59-10.11      310.18-70  -0.19   310.62   309.78  -2.09
EUR/PLN Poland          4.2731-49      4.2773-91  -0.10   4.2830   4.2661  -0.29

Yen Rates

AUD/JPY Australia        90.39-43       90.04-08  +0.39    90.50    89.81  -7.58
GBP/JPY U.K.            184.42-48      184.24-30  +0.10   184.56   184.03  -1.10
CAD/JPY Canada           92.59-64       92.35-40  +0.26    92.78    92.28 -10.07
NZD/JPY New Zealand      82.07-11       81.81-85  +0.32    82.31    81.74 -12.04

Other Dollar Rates

USD/CZK Czech Rep.     25.567-617      25.438-88  +0.51   25.615   25.453 +11.93
USD/HUF Hungary         293.23-63      292.24-64  +0.34   294.09   292.17 +12.15
USD/DKK Denmark         7.0604-14      7.0270-80  +0.48   7.0683   7.0257 +14.71
USD/NOK Norway         8.6664-724     8.6494-554  +0.20   8.6788   8.6370 +16.34
USD/PLZ Poland          4.0458-63     4.0299-304  +0.39   4.0490   4.0292 +14.21
USD/RUB Russia         67.859-929      67.326-96  +0.79   67.988   67.266 +12.14
USD/SEK Sweden        8.6984-7074     8.6728-818  +0.30   8.7129   8.6735 +11.46
USD/ZAR S. Africa     14.3229-529    14.3371-671  -0.10  14.3960  14.3209 +24.06

USD/CNY China           6.3949-69    6.3982-4002  -0.05   6.4021   6.3875  +3.07
USD/HKD Hong Kong      7.7499-504      7.7501-06   0.00   7.7510   7.7498  -0.06
USD/MYR Malaysia        4.2213-63     4.2495-545  -0.66   4.2636   4.2076 +20.52
USD/INR India           66.710-20     66.581-601  +0.19   66.755   66.561  +5.84
USD/IDR Indonesia        13822-42      13782-802  +0.29    13865    13778 +11.31
USD/PHP Philippines     47.116-56      47.215-55  -0.21   47.235   47.095  +5.39
USD/SGD Singapore       1.4101-11      1.4112-22  -0.08   1.4138   1.4088  +6.44
USD/KRW S. Korea     1162.94-4.94   1162.01-4.01  +0.08  1170.41  1161.80  +6.40
USD/TWD Taiwan          32.813-19      32.816-22  -0.01   32.868   32.726  +3.70
USD/THB Thailand        35.900-20      35.850-70  +0.14   35.930   35.780  +9.12
USD/VND Vietnam         22455-525      22460-530  -0.02    22495    22476  +5.17

USD/BRR Brazil          3.8256-86      3.8337-67  -0.21   3.8372   3.8271 +44.02
USD/MXN Mexico        16.5298-598    16.5499-799  -0.12  16.5913  16.5248 +12.21
USD/ARS Argentina      9.6770-810      9.6846-86  -0.08   9.6851   9.6758 +14.35

Source: Tullett Prebon
 (END) Dow Jones Newswires

December 03, 2015 05:50 ET (10:50 GMT)

Copyright (c) 2015 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.

Wednesday, 2 December 2015

INTERBANK FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES 0650 GMT


                           Latest       Previous   %Chg    Daily    Daily   %Chg
Dollar Rates                               Close            High      Low  12/31

USD/JPY Japan           122.89-90      123.10-11  -0.17   123.28   122.64  +2.65
EUR/USD Euro            1.0591-94      1.0563-66  +0.27   1.0599   1.0564 -12.45
GBP/USD U.K.           1.5099-101      1.5055-57  +0.29   1.5104   1.5051  -3.07
USD/CHF Switzerland     1.0260-64      1.0288-92  -0.27   1.0293   1.0257  +3.21
USD/CAD Canada          1.3343-48      1.3360-65  -0.13   1.3364   1.3327 +14.83
AUD/USD Australia       0.7260-64      0.7226-30  +0.47   0.7284   0.7223 -11.12
NZD/USD New Zealand     0.6636-42      0.6579-85  +0.87   0.6647   0.6583 -14.83

Euro Rates

EUR/JPY Japan           130.14-18      130.04-08  +0.08   130.30   129.76 -10.20
EUR/GBP U.K.            0.7013-16      0.7016-19  -0.04   0.7024   0.7007  -9.67
EUR/CHF Switzerland     1.0867-70      1.0871-74  -0.04   1.0885   1.0856  -9.66
EUR/CAD Canada          1.4130-40      1.4113-23  +0.12   1.4138   1.4084  +0.54
EUR/AUD Australia       1.4582-92      1.4613-23  -0.21   1.4631   1.4531  -1.49
EUR/DKK Denmark         7.4600-07      7.4602-09   0.00   7.4610   7.4596  +0.18
EUR/NOK Norway          9.1625-75      9.1832-82  -0.23   9.1951   9.1567  +1.66
EUR/SEK Sweden         9.2031-131     9.2144-244  -0.12   9.2285   9.2049  -2.50
EUR/CZK Czech Rep.      27.004-64      27.009-69  -0.02   27.042   27.022  -2.27
EUR/HUF Hungary       310.61-1.13    310.81-1.33  -0.06   311.13   310.67  -1.76
EUR/PLN Poland         4.2690-708     4.2695-713  -0.01   4.2735   4.2659  -0.38

Yen Rates

AUD/JPY Australia        89.23-27       88.95-99  +0.31    89.48    88.89  -8.76
GBP/JPY U.K.            185.53-59      185.32-38  +0.11   185.80   185.09  -0.51
CAD/JPY Canada           92.06-11       92.11-16  -0.05    92.35    92.00 -10.58
NZD/JPY New Zealand      81.56-60       81.01-05  +0.68    81.72    81.03 -12.59

Other Dollar Rates

USD/CZK Czech Rep.      25.500-50     25.565-615  -0.25   25.593   25.512 +11.64
USD/HUF Hungary         293.31-71      294.19-59  -0.30   294.44   293.26 +12.18
USD/DKK Denmark         7.0435-45      7.0609-19  -0.25   7.0624   7.0402 +14.43
USD/NOK Norway         8.6493-553      8.6938-98  -0.51   8.6986   8.6432 +16.11
USD/PLZ Poland          4.0308-13      4.0412-17  -0.26   4.0425   4.0259 +13.79
USD/RUB Russia          66.304-74      66.303-73  +0.00   66.392   66.288  +9.57
USD/SEK Sweden          8.6903-93     8.7220-310  -0.36   8.7285   8.6915 +11.35
USD/ZAR S. Africa    14.3982-4282    14.4335-635  -0.24  14.4488  14.3787 +24.71

USD/CNY China           6.3976-96      6.3965-85  +0.02   6.4009   6.3942  +3.12
USD/HKD Hong Kong       7.7515-20      7.7528-33  -0.02   7.7570   7.7509  -0.04
USD/MYR Malaysia       4.2386-436      4.2530-80  -0.34   4.2576   4.2326 +21.02
USD/INR India           66.530-40      66.452-72  +0.11   66.535   66.436  +5.55
USD/IDR Indonesia       13796-816       13855-75  -0.43    13866    13767 +11.10
USD/PHP Philippines     47.210-30     47.172-212  +0.06   47.220   47.093  +5.58
USD/SGD Singapore       1.4104-14      1.4104-14   0.00   1.4119   1.4080  +6.46
USD/KRW S. Korea     1156.75-8.75  1159.61-61.61  -0.25  1161.86  1155.50  +5.84
USD/TWD Taiwan          32.668-74      32.707-13  -0.12   32.710   32.577  +3.25
USD/THB Thailand        35.830-50     35.790-810  +0.11   35.860   35.770  +8.90
USD/VND Vietnam         22479-549      22465-535  +0.06    22514    22499  +5.28

USD/BRR Brazil          3.8661-91     3.8675-705  -0.04   3.8736   3.8674 +45.54
USD/MXN Mexico        16.5484-784    16.5619-919  -0.08  16.5780  16.5494 +12.33
USD/ARS Argentina     9.6978-7018     9.6581-621  +0.41   9.7104   9.6582 +14.59

Source: Tullett Prebon


Investors Eye Latest Rate Signal from Yellen




Snapshot: -Dollar steady; 10-year Treasury yield 2.160%; U.S. stock futures gain; Nymex $43.94; gold $1066.50

-Watch for: ISM-NY Report on Business; weekly mortgage applications survey; speeches by Janet Yellen, Dennis Lockhart; EIA weekly petroleum status report; Fed Beige Book; earnings from Brown-Forman, Box, Aeropostale.

News: Monetary Policy Path Likely to be 'Cautious and Gradual,' Brainard Says; Eurozone Inflation Remains Weak; Bank of Japan to Act if China Slowdown Risks Inflation Target


Markets Outlook:

Forex: The euro was flat against the dollar Wednesday at $1.0622, but is down nearly 5% since the start of October.

Some investors think the euro's decline is overdone.

"Whatever the ECB decision, you'll see a recovery of the euro," said Tristan Abet, investment strategist at Louis Capital Markets, adding that the currency has fallen too far and too fast.

Elsewhere, the dollar was up 0.2% against the yen at Y123.0980, and has now strengthened 2.7% since the start of October.

"We probably are seeing the calm before the storm," said Yuzo Sakai, manager of foreign-exchange business promotion at Tokyo Forex & Ueda Harlow. "There is no need to test both upside and downside ahead of the event," said Mr. Sakai.

The dollar is now hovering around a level investors consider "comfortable," until they find their next trading cues, said Mr. Sakai.

Fed chief Janet Yellen is due to speak twice on Wednesday in Washington, D.C., giving opening remarks at an event for college students at 8.30am ET and then talking about the economic outlook at 12.25pm.

Ms. Yellen, who is also due to testify before a Congressional panel on Thursday, will continue to make the case that an interest rate hike is coming soon and could come as soon as this month. She won't feel any need to tell investors that a December hike is a done deal.

Other Fed signals due Wednesday include a speech by Atlanta Fed President Dennis Lockhart at 8.10am ET in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., as well as remarks by Fed. Gov. Daniel Tarullo at 9am at an event in Arlington, Va. The Fed's Beige Book survey is due at 2pm.

In other economic news, a reading on U.S. private-sector employment is expected at 8.15am, followed by a report on productivity and costs at 8.30am.


Bonds: In early European trade, the yield on the 10-year government bond was 2.160% against 2.155% on Tuesday.

The yield premium that investors get for buying longer-term debt slimmed to its narrowest in nine months on Tuesday, at 1.25 percentage points. By flattening the yield curve, which charts prevailing interest rates across debt maturities and is viewed as a gauge of economic health, the bond-trading action underscored investor skepticism about the central bank's leeway to raise interest rates repeatedly.

"The Fed wants to get off the zero level and give itself some ammunition for future slowdowns," said Larry Milstein, head of government and agency trading at R.W. Pressprich & Co. in New York, saying Fed officials prefer higher short-term interest rates because they enable the central bank to cut rates to stimulate economic activity in a downturn. "But inflation is not a worry, and the economy is growing but only very slowly."


Equities: U.S. stock futures inched higher, helped by Yahoo's jump as investors waited for fresh signals from the Federal Reserve.

S&P 500 futures rose 2.85 points, or 0.1%, to 2,102.75, while Dow Jones Industrial Average futures gained 31 points, or 0.2%, to 17,893. Nasdaq 100 futures tacked on 9.75 points, or 0.2%, to 4,726.

Shares in Yahoo jumped 6.8% premarket in the wake of news late Tuesday that it may sell its core Internet business.

The ailing Web portal was the biggest premarket gainer among S&P 500 stocks.


Commodities: Oil prices fell in Europe on expectations that the U.S. crude stockpiles increased last week, adding to an expanding global surplus of crude.

Industry group American Petroleum Institute reported late Tuesday that the U.S. crude inventories rose 1.6 million barrels last week. Analysts surveyed by The Wall Street Journal expect inventories to have declined by 300,000 barrels. The U.S. Energy Information Administration will release the official data later Wednesday.

"The official EIA report this afternoon will be followed closely--should we see another build today, this could cause some volatility and weigh on oil prices," said Michael Poulsen, oil analyst at Global Risk Management.

Brent crude, the global oil benchmark, fell 1.1% to $43.96 a barrel on London's ICE Futures exchange. On the New York Mercantile Exchange, West Texas Intermediate futures were trading down 1% at $43.94 a barrel.

The EIA will also release its latest estimate of U.S. oil production.

Investors will be looking for OPEC's meeting on Friday but few expect the oil cartel to deviate from its policy of pumping crude flat out as it looks to gain market share.

Spot gold prices were slightly lower in Europe, trading down 0.1% at $1,066.50/oz, as the dollar strengthened.

Looking ahead, prices were likely to remain rangebound as "most players seem to be happy to remain on the side lines until the FOMC meeting in two weeks' time," said David Govett, head of precious metals at Marex Spectron, in a note.

=======Calendar=======
ET
0700 US  MBA Weekly Mortgage
         Applications Survey
0810 US  Federal Reserve Bank
         of Atlanta President
         Dennis Lockhart speech
0815 US  ADP National Employment
         Report
0830 US  Janet Yellen speaks
0830 US  Revised Productivity
         & Costs
0900 US  Govt financial agencies
         hold final outreach
         meeting on reviewing
         regulations
0945 US  ISM-NY Report on
         Business
1000 CAN Bank of Canada interest
         rate announcement
1000 US  Online Help Wanted Index
1030 US  EIA Weekly Petroleum
         Status Report
1215 US  Janet Yellen addresses
         Economic Club
         of Washington
1400 US  Federal Reserve
         Beige Book
======================

Top Stories Of The Day: Monetary Policy Path Likely to be 'Cautious and Gradual,' Brainard Says

The path of increases in short-term interest rates is likely to be "cautious and gradual" once the Fed begins to tighten monetary policy, Lael Brainard says.

 Eurozone Inflation Remains Weak

The eurozone's annual rate of inflation was unchanged in November, remaining far below the European Central Bank's target as policy makers consider whether to provide more stimulus at their meeting Thursday.

 Bank of Japan to Act if China Slowdown Risks Inflation Target

Bank of Japan Deputy Gov. Kikuo Iwata said the central bank is on track to achieve its target of 2% inflation, although it will act quickly if a Chinese economic slowdown undermines price trends.

 IEA Chief Reiterates Forecast for $80 Oil

Oil prices will start climbing in 2017, rising to $80 a barrel in coming years as production declines in some regions and global demand continues to grow, the executive director of the International Energy Agency said Tuesday.

 Australian Economy Expands Strongly

Australia's resource-rich economy expanded strongly in the third quarter on the back of a surge in commodity exports, government data Wednesday showed.

 Turkey Border Deal Spurs On Migrants

Thousands of migrants are making a last-ditch effort to reach Greek islands before Turkey and Europe put in place a new plan to tighten their borders.

 Talks With Russia on EU-Ukraine Trade Deal Fail to Reach Compromise

A month from the deadline for implementing a trade pact between Ukraine and the EU, a fresh round of discussions with Moscow aimed at mitigating Russian concerns about the deal produced no breakthrough.

 Write to paul.larkins@wsj.com

(END) Dow Jones Newswires

December 02, 2015 06:21 ET (11:21 GMT)

Copyright (c) 2015 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.

Tuesday, 1 December 2015

G7 POLITICAL, ECONOMIC CALENDAR

2350  JPN  Q3       2nd Preliminary Quarterly GDP Estimates
                       Real GDP, Y/Y%                                     -0.3%
                       Real GDP, Annualized                               -1.2%
                       Nominal GDP, Q/Q%                                  +0.1%
                       Consumption, Q/Q%                                  -0.7%
                       Capex, Q/Q%                                        -0.9%
                       Domestic Dem-Pct Pts Contrib To Growth             +0%
                       External Dem-Pct Pts Contrib To Growth             -0.3%
                       Inv-Pcts PtsContrib To Growth                      +0.3%
                       Public Investment, Q/Q%                            +2.1%
                       GDP Deflator, Y/Y%                                 +1.5%
2350  JPN  Nov      Provisional Trade Statistics for 1st 20 days of Month
N/A   EU            Eurogroup Meeting of eurozone finance ministers

Tuesday, December 8, 2015                                      Exp        Prev
 GMT
0001  UK   Q1       Manpower UK Employment Outlook Survey
0001  UK   Nov      BRC-KPMG Retail Sales Monitor
                       Same-Store Sales, Y/Y%                             -0.2%
                       Total Sales, Y/Y%                                  +0.9%
0500  JPN  Nov      Economy Watchers Survey
0501  US   Q1       Manpower Quarterly U.S. Employment Outlook Survey
0700  GER  Oct      Manufacturing turnover
0745  FRA  Oct      Foreign trade
0930  UK   Oct      UK monthly industrial production figures
                       Indus Prod, Rolling 3-Mos %Chg                     +0.2%
                       Indus Prod, M/M%                                   -0.2%
                       Indus Prod, Y/Y%                                   +1.1%
                       Mfg Output, Rolling 3-Mos %Chg                     -0.4%
                       Mfg Output, M/M%                                   +0.8%
                       Mfg Output, Y/Y%                                   -0.6%
1000  EU   Q3       GDP 2nd estimate
                       GDP, Q/Q%                                          +0.4%
                       GDP, Y/Y%                                          +1.5%
1100  FRA  Oct      OECD Composite Leading Indicators
1100  US   Nov      NFIB Index of Small Business Optimism
                       Small Business Idx                                 96.1
1245  US            The Retail Economist/Goldman Sachs Weekly Chain Store Sales
                    Index
                       Chain Store Sales, W/W%
                       Chain Store Sales, M/M%
1315  CAN  Nov      Housing Starts
                       Annual Rate                                        198065
                       Housing Starts, M/M%                               -14.4%
1330  CAN  Oct      Building permits
                       Building Permits, M/M%                             -6.7%
1355  US            Johnson Redbook Retail Sales Index
                       Ret Sales Mo-to-Date, M/M%
                       Ret Sales Mo-to-Date, Y/Y%
                       Latest Wk, Y/Y%
1500  US   Dec      IBD/TIPP Economic Optimism Index
                       Economic Optimism Idx                              45.5
                       6-Mo Economic Outlook                              41.5
1500  US   Oct      Job Openings & Labor Turnover Survey
1500  US            ISM Semiannual Report On Business & Economic Forecast
1500  UK   Nov      NIESR Monthly GDP Estimates
1810  CAN           Bank of Canada Governor Stephen Poloz speech at the Empire
                    Club of Canada
2130  US            API Weekly Statistical Bulletin
                       Crude Stocks, Net Chg (Bbls)
                       Gasoline Stocks, Net Chg (Bbls)
                       Distillate Stocks, Net Chg (Bbls)
                       Refinery Runs
2350  JPN  Oct      Orders Received for Machinery
                       Core Orders, M/M%                                  +7.5%
                       Core Orders, Y/Y%                                  -1.7%
2350  JPN  Nov      Money Stock, Broadly-defined Liquidity
N/A   FRA           OECD Pension Markets in Focus report launch
N/A   ITA           Italy: Immaculate Conception Day
N/A   EU            ECOFIN meeting of EU finance ministers 

Singapore Dollar Lower Late

                     Latest   Change
 USD/SGD               1.4090   -0.0030
 Overnight Rate        0.25%    -25 bps
 2-Year Bond Yield     1.18%    -3 bps
 10-Year Bond Yield    2.50%    -1 bps
 2-Year Swap Offer     1.87%    +1 bps
 10-Year Swap Offer    2.83%    -3 bps
 2-10-Year Swap Curve  96 bps   -4 bps
 SINGAPORE--The Singapore dollar continued to weaken against the U.S. dollar in late Asia trading on Tuesday as most investors stayed on the sidelines.

Late in Asia, the U.S. dollar was quoted at S$1.4090, compared with S$1.4120 around the same time Monday.

In a note to clients, OCBC said for U.S. Federal Reserve-specific cues, the market will look toward Janet Yellen's testimony at U.S. Joint Economic Committee on Thursday.

"Broad dollar strength at this juncture is less than universal and USD-SGD may remain trapped in a range," OCBC said in its note.

Singapore government bond yields fell, implying a rise in prices. Yields on the benchmark 10-year bond fell 0.01 percentage point to 2.50%, while the two-year bond yield dropped 0.03 percentage point to 1.18%.

 Write to P.R. Venkat at venkat.pr@dowjones.com

CHINA JOINS WORLD'S ELITE CURRENCY CLUB

By Ian Talley

China notched an economic milestone Monday, with the International Monetary Fund adding the yuan to its elite basket of reserve currencies, a move designed to spur greater liberalization in the world's No. 2 economy.

The decision -- effective next October -- confers international status on China's currency as the government starts to ease restrictions on its rigidly controlled exchange-rate and financial system. It also marks the start of a potentially more perilous course for China. A more freely traded yuan and open markets, down the road, could add volatility to China's trade picture and raise the risk of capital flight.

The IMF's decision will eventually put the yuan alongside the dollar, euro, pound and yen in the fund's reserve-currency basket, with the IMF giving more weight to China's currency than to either the yen or pound.

But while the decision is a boost for China's national self-esteem, itisn't likely to drive a huge surge in yuan buying. Nor is there much threat the yuan will soon displace the dollar as the world's pre-eminent reserve currency, especially given China's many political and economic challenges.

"This inclusion is clearly an important milestone in a journey . . . that will include certainly more reforms," IMF Managing DirectorChristine Lagardesaid after the board approved the yuan's inclusion.

Anointing the yuan as a reserve currency is in part a simple acknowledgment of China's economic heft: The country now accounts for more than 15% of the global gross economic output, nearly triple what it was a decade ago.

And for the Chinese, the yuan's higher status is part of a larger strategy to boost the country's economic leverage. The government has ramped up lending to foreign governments, greatly expanded trade settled in yuan and created emergency credit facilities for other governments. Earlier this year, it launched the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, an institution analysts say was designed in part to rival the Washington-based World Bank.

Still, inclusion of the yuan in the IMF basket is in large part symbolic. The IMF uses the reserve basket to denominate its emergency loans, not to create an internationally traded asset.

Whether the yuan is embraced by central banks as a reserve currency will hinge on Beijing's success in deepening its financial system and adding far greater transparency to the inner workings of its economy.

Over the past year, Beijing has rolled out a series of policies -- including freer interest rates and easier foreign investor access -- to meet the IMF's criteria for yuan inclusion in the IMF's Special Drawing Right lending basket.

IMF staff say the yuan easily met the first measure: The currency must be issued by a major exporter. But IMF economists in August questioned whether the currency met the second benchmark of being "freely tradable."
Beijing authorities subsequently rolled out several more financial-sector overhauls, including a devaluation that the authorities said was intended to make the yuan's value more market based.

U.S. officials privately question the yuan's ripeness for reserve-currency status but also see the step as aiding efforts by reformers within the People's Bank of China to liberalize the country's economy. The U.S. Treasury issued a short two-line statement saying it supported the IMF staff recommendation to include the yuan.

After the IMF's announcement, China's central bank pledged to accelerate efforts to overhaul the country's financial system, further open its markets and keep the yuan largely stable.
Inclusion of the yuan "means the international community expects China to play a more active role in global economy and finance," the People's Bank of China said. "China will speed up the effort to promote financial reforms and opening."

Eswar Prasad, a Cornell University economist and former top China hand at the IMF, said the IMF's decision will strengthen the hands of economic reformers but warned of obstacles ahead.

"Domestic opposition to further financial-sector reforms and market-oriented liberalization measures remains fierce, and this decision by itself is unlikely to shift the balance substantially," he said.

The more China opens up its markets, the more it exposes its economy to the risk of capital flowing out. If China were to open up its markets more broadly, cooling growth prospects could turn such investor exodus into a stampede of cash out of the country, as many emerging markets have experienced in recent months.
Some fund watchers also say that support in the international community for the move is partly political consolation for the failure of the IMF to overhaul the lending institution's governance structure to give China and other emerging-market nations more of a vote in line with their evolving economic heft in the world.

The decision by U.S. lawmakers to repeatedly reject ratification of a governance deal is a sore point for China and other developing powers. They say that snub by the shareholder-run IMF is prompting them to create their own international economic institutions. Awarding Beijing's currency reserve status is designed in part to encourage China's government to greater international political and economic responsibility.

Several U.S. lawmakers who have long castigated China for its currency policy criticized the IMF's decision.

"This decision does nothing but validate China's history of cheating on its currency," said Sen. Bob Casey (D., Pa.). Sen. Charles Schumer, (D., N.Y.), said "the IMF is choosing to reward China's currency manipulation instead of combating it."

Failure to win IMF reserve-currency status would have also been an embarrassment for China's leadership as it takes over the rotating presidency of the Group of 20 major economies next year.